Fig. 1
The impact of age and adverse intrauterine conditions on monocytes as determined by recognized indicators of cellular senescence (a) UMAP visualization displaying the clusters of all immune cells (b) Dotplot illustrating the marker genes of each immune cell (c) Scatter plots were generated to depict the relationship between the proportion of immune cells in healthy individuals and age, and linear regression was used for curve fittingn (d, f) The scatter plots illustrate the mean expression levels of CDKN1A and CDKN2A in monocytes of individuals without health conditions across various age groups (d) or at different ages (f). Linear regression was used to model the data, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) was used to quantify the relationship between the expression of aging-related genes and chronological age (e) The feature plot analysis illustrates the differential expression patterns of established age-related genes in cord blood immune cells of offspring born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to those born to healthy controls (g) Cell cycle prediction results showing the distribution of cells in the G1, G2/M, and S phases