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Table 3 Comparison of zinc intake recommendations among different health organizations

From: Zinc deficiency as possible link between immunosenescence and age-related diseases

 

Bioavailability

RNI (mg/day)

UL

male

female

EFSA [9]

Phytate intake per day:

   

300 mg

9.4 mg

7.5 mg

25 mg

600 mg

11.7 mg

9.3 mg

 

900 mg

14.0 mg

11.0 mg

 

1200 mg

16.3 mg

12.7 mg

 

DGE [89]

Phytate intake per day:

   

330 mg

11 mg

7 mg

25 mg

660 mg

14 mg

8 mg

 

990 mg

16 mg

10 mg

 

WHO [90]

High bioavailabilitya

4.2 mg

3.0 mg

45 mgb

Moderate bioavailabilitya

7.0 mg

4.9 mg

 

Low bioavailabilitya

14.0 mg

9.8 mg

 

NIH [91]

Independent from bioavailability

11 mg

8 mg

40 mg

  1. RNI Recommended nutrient intake, UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level, EFSA European Food Safety Authority, DGE German Nutrition Society, WHO World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health
  2. aLow availability: phytate–zinc molar ratio > 15, moderate availability: phytate–zinc molar ratio between 5 and 15, high availability: phytate–zinc ratio < 5
  3. b for men