Table 2 Zip proteins and their immunological relevance

Zip1

Ubiquitous

-

[65]

Zip2

Liver, ovary, skin, dendritic cell

-

[66]

Zip3

Widely expressed

Knockout leads to impaired T cell development

[67]

Zip4

Small intestine

Mutation leads to acrodermatitis enteropathica

[43]

Zip5

Small intestine, kidney, pancreas

-

[68]

Zip6

Widely expressed

Necessary for T cell activation

[69, 70]

Zip7

Widely distributed

Necessary for B cell development

[44]

Zip8

Widely expressed

Knockout leads to decreased T cell activation and IFN-γ production,

Missense mutation is linked to Crohn´s disease

[45, 71]

Zip9

Widely expressed

-

[72]

Zip10

Widely expressed

Regulates intensity of B-cell receptor signaling,

Essential for macrophage survival during inflammatory events

[73, 74]

Zip11

Brain, gastrointestinal tract, stomach, cecum, colon, mammary gland, testis

-

[75,76,77,78]

Zip12

Brain, lung, smooth muscle testis

-

[79,80,81]

Zip13

Hard and connective tissues

-

[82, 83]

Zip14

Widely expressed

Deletion results in the reduction of MHC-II on small intestinal epithelial cells; induced by proinflammatory signals

[84,85,86,87,88]