Table 4 Anti-aging potential of essential fatty acids
From: The state of the art in anti-aging: plant-based phytochemicals for skin care
Source | Stress Source | Study Type | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CBD (10 µg/mL), EPA (10 µg/mL), or both (1:1 ratio) | UVB-induced damage models UVB (VL-6.M lamp, UVB medium wave emission spectrum 280–350 nm, emission peak 312 nm) | In vitro (HaCaT cells) ex vivo (human skin organ culture). Clinical validation study (n = 33) | • Reduce the secretion of PGE2 and IL-8 • Enhance ECM remodeling subsequent to UV radiation exposure • Decrease in the area and volume of crow’s feet wrinkles, along with a reduction in the volume of fine line wrinkles • age-dependent SLEB was diminished by 8.8% • Substantial decrease in the area and count of red spots • Enhance skin hydration and elasticity by 31.2% and 25.6%, respectively, after 56 days of cream administration | [91] |
Omega-3 PUFAs including EPA | Natural and accelerated aging model | Mfat-1 transgenic mice (8 weeks old) received subcutaneous D-gal (150 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. A second group followed a control or EPA diet for 8 weeks. | • Omega-3 PUFAs and the fat-1 transgene may mitigate age-related pathological alterations • Impede the deterioration of organ function • Postpone aging by activating PPARα signaling, enhancing fatty acid oxidation and ATP production to reconfigure energy metabolism • Foster healthy aging in elderly mice | [92] |
Omega-3 (2.5 g/d of omega-3, 1.25 g/d of omega-3, or a placebo for 4 months) | Trier Social Stress Test | Clinical trial | • Reduce general inflammation and cortisol levels during stress • Enhance repair processes during recovery | [93] |
Omega-3 Threshold 1.103 g/day | Oxidative-stress | Cross-sectional study- 20,337 adult participants | • Linear negative association between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel | [94] |
n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA supplementation | UV-induced damage | Whole-genome proteomics and lipidomics analyses using a self-constructed photoaging mouse model | • n-3 PUFA may alleviate photoaging by upregulating Hmmr expression • Decrease Mmp9 expression • Reduce collagen degradation | [95] |
Walnut oil and tamarind seed oil encapsulated in liposomal cream formulation | UV-induced damage | Animal study | • Walnut and tamarind seed oil were successfully entrapped in a liposomal formulation and are potent against ageing | [36] |
Avocado oil nano emulsion | - | In vitro | • Avocado oil in ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsions showed the highest collagenese inhibition | [37] |