Fig. 2

Potential therapies targeting autoimmune components during aging and obesity. With next-generation autoAb detection methods, such as PhiP-Seq, antigen arrays, and REAP, playing a central role in providing a more detailed atlas of autoAbs, therapies traditionally used for autoimmune diseases can be repurposed to conquer the autoAbs and autoantigens generated during obesity and aging. T cell-based therapies targeting autoreactive B cells, antibody-based therapies targeting pro-inflammatory factors, and tolerance-inducing vaccines based on anti-idiotypic antibodies and antigen-encoding mRNA vaccines, are emerging techniques that are gaining increasing research focus. PhiP-Seq = phage immunoprecipitation sequencing; REAP = rapid extracellular antigen profiling; CAR-T = Chimeric antigen receptor T cells; CAAR-T = Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells; BiTEs = Bispecific T cell engagers; SAAs = senescence-associated antigens