Fig. 3

Shows that, owing to aging, there is an increased release of proinflammatory adipokines that stimulate the activation of TNF, TGFBR, and insulin receptors. These factors in turn activate the PPAR and C/EBP transcription factors, leading to abnormal adipogenesis and oxidative stress. However, the negative (_) sign in green indicates that polyphenols inhibit these pathways and instead activate AMPK and the Wnt signaling pathway, as shown by the plus (+) sign. This protective action helps mitigate the effects of aging on regulated pathways