Fig. 4

The anti-infectious functions gradually decline among age increase. A Heatmap showing clustering results based on the proportion of PBMC immune cell clusters, color-coded by age groups, patients indicated, Zscore means scaled proportion of cells. B Heatmap showing the ORs of meta clusters occurring in different age groups based on TAIA data. Heatmap showing the ORs of predicted cell types occurring in different age groups (C) and clinical groups (D) based on independent COVID cohort. E GSEA of shifting versus preserving immune cells in MIS-C (left) and COVID-19 (right) patients. Selected gene sets are grouped into functional/pathway categories. Dot color denotes normalized gene set enrichment score, and size indicates log10(adjusted P value). F Comparing anti-infectious related module scores with different age groups based on each patient’s contribution. Statistical significance between groups is computed using a two-sided non-parametric Wilcoxon test