Fig. 3

Age-group-specific adaptive subsets match distinct system immune function. A UMAP projection of B cell profiles in PBMC of different age groups. B Dot plots showing expression profiles of marker genes in different B cell subsets. C Box plot showing distribution of B cell subsets across different age groups. The P values are calculated with kruskal.test. D Densityheatmap showing indicates pathway score of plasma cells based on AUCELL algorithm (left), and representative genes dot plot (right). E Differential gene expression analysis using the log-fold change expression versus the difference in the percentage of cells expressing the gene comparing CD83_B cells versus Naïve_B cells (Δ Percentage Difference). F GSEA plots depict the enriched gene sets identified between the CD83_B cells and naïve_B cell subsets associated with B cell activation. G UMAP projection of T cell profiles in PBMC of different age groups. H Dot plots showing expression profiles of marker genes in different T cell subsets. I Box plot showing distribution of T cell subsets across different age groups. The P values are calculated with kruskal.test. J Densityheatmap showing indicates pathway score of CD8_CTL based on AUCELL algorithm (left), and representative genes dot plot (right). K Densityheatmap showing indicate pathway score of Treg based on AUCELL algorithm. L Heatmap showing transcriptomic similarity of T cell subsets. M Spearman correlation between percentage of CD4_CTL and unknown_T cells. N The distribution of T cell subtypes during the transition, along with the pseudo-time (upper). Subtypes are labeled by colors (lower). O Two-dimensional plots showing the dynamic expression of feature genes. P Heatmap showing the dynamic changes in gene expression along the different branches (left) and pathway enrichment results in each gene module (right). In figure D, J and K, the upper and lower curves of heatmap represent 75% and 25% of density, respectively. Point size of dot plot shows the fraction of cells with non-zero expression. The P values in Figure D, J and K are calculated with kruskal.test