Fig. 5

SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-specific Fc-mediated effector functions upon repeated vaccination in older adults. The absolute capacity (A) and the capacity relative to S1-specific total IgG levels (B) of SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-specific serum antibodies for mediating ADNKA, ADCD and monocyte ADCP following mRNA vaccination in older adults (n = 38) up to one month after the fifth vaccination. Dotted lines indicate the level of the negative control (pre-pandemic serum sample). Solid lines were made using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS). SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (based on N seropositivity) are indicated with open circles. Differences between groups were assessed using a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing. *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. ADCD, antibody-dependent complement deposition; ADCP, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; ADNKA, antibody-dependent natural killer cell activation; BAU, binding antibody units; iMFI, integrated median fluorescence intensity; N, nucleoprotein